Phonological Awareness Training plus Letter Knowledge Training was found to have potentially negative effects on oral language, positive effects on print knowledge, potentially positive effects on phonological processing and early reading/writing, and no discernible effects on cognition.
Help preschoolers and kindergartners build letter knowledge with these pumpkin theme print outs! Use letter boards for hands on exploration and learning of early letter knowledge: visual discrimination, letter names, letter identification, letter sounds, and phonemic awareness, while playing with s.
- Letter Sound Knowledge Readers need to know what sounds are associated with each letter shape, whether uppercase or lowercase, and this association needs to become automatic! It also involves a certain degree of phonemic awareness.
- Research has shown knowledge of letter sounds has more impact on learning to read than being able to name letters. When implementing the interventions below, always include instruction on the sound of the letters. Skill- Letter and Sound Knowledge. Intervention - Overhead magnetic letter race. Source or adapted from In the Trenches.
A summary of the effectiveness of an intervention in an outcome domain, based on the quality of research, the statistical significance of findings, the magnitude of findings, and the consistency of findings across studies.
Effectiveness Rating KeyPositive: strong evidence that intervention had a positive effect on outcomes. |
Potentially Positive: evidence that intervention had a positive effect on outcomes with no overriding contrary evidence. |
Mixed: evidence that intervention’s effect on outcomes is inconsistent. |
No Discernible: no evidence that intervention had an effect on outcomes. |
Potentially Negative: evidence that intervention had a negative effect on outcomes with no overriding contrary evidence. |
Negative: strong evidence that intervention had a negative effect on outcomes. |
![Knowledge Knowledge](/uploads/1/2/6/4/126416816/944804896.jpg)
For more, please see the WWC Glossary entry for rating of effectiveness.
An indicator of the effect of the intervention, the improvement index can be interpreted as the expected change in percentile rank for an average comparison group student if that student had received the intervention.
For more, please see the WWC Glossary entry for improvement index.
The percent of each characteristic is based on the sample size of all studies meeting standards that reported data on the characteristic.
Percentages below may not add to 100 percent.
Findings
studies that met standards out of
eligible studies reviewed
Outcome Domain | Effectiveness Rating | Grades | Improvement Index |
---|---|---|---|
Cognition | PK | -- | |
Early reading/writing | PK | 19 | |
Oral language | PK | ||
Phonological processing | PK | 30 | |
Print knowledge | PK | 27 |
Letter Knowledge Example
Last Updated: December 2006
The ability to identify the letters of the alphabet by name is one of the best predictors of how readily a child will learn to read. (Treiman, Kessler, & Pollo, 2006)
Numerous studies have proven that a child’s knowledge of letters is a strong predictor of his/her success in learning to read. (Bond & Dykstra, 1967; Share, Jorm, McClean & Matthew, 1987; Adams, 1990)
Among the reading readiness skills that are traditionally evaluated, the one that appears to be the strongest predictor of reading success on its own is letter identification. (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998)
Beginning readers cannot become skilled readers if they do not know and understand the alphabet. (Ehri, 2003)
Children who begin school able to quickly and accurately identify and articulate the letters of the alphabet, have an advantage in learning to read. (Chard & Osborn, 1999)
![Letter Letter](/uploads/1/2/6/4/126416816/270604016.jpg)
Research reveals that letter names may be a precursor to or facilitate phonemic awareness. (Johnston, Anderson & Holligan, 1996; Stahl & Murray, 1994; Carroll, 2004)
Reading scores in tenth grade can be predicted with surprising accuracy based on a child’s knowledge of the alphabet in kindergarten. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2003)
Complete letter knowledge consists of more than just identifying the letters, however. In order to master each letter, a child needs to demonstrate the following:
- Letter name knowledge
- Letter shape recognition
Letter Knowledge Games
- Letter sound knowledge
- Ability to print the letter
- Rapid letter naming
Letter Knowledge Definition
There are many ways to help your child attain letter knowledge. Reciting and learning Alphabet Anatomy’s letter rhymes provides an easy and fun way for your child to master each of the five components listed above.